how the market work
How the Market Works : Demand and Supply
The economic system of countries such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United States is the free enterprise system-in other words, the private enterprise system. This means that the government does not own most businesses. Individuals and groups own them. People are free to produce, buy and sell what they want. They are free to start a new enterprise-business.
คนมีอิสระในการผลิตการซื้อและขายสิ่งที่พวกเขาต้องการ พวกเขามีอิสระที่จะเริ่มต้นธุรกิจขององค์กรใหม่
In the free enterprise system, the government does not determine the price of products. The market determines it. But what is “the market”? We know about supermarkets, stock markets, farmers’ markets, meat markets, and gold markets. We can buy and sell things by mall, by phone, and by computer. These are all part of the market-the exchange of goods and services by buyers and sellers.
เหล่านี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของตลาดการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้าและบริการโดยผู้ซื้อและผู้ขาย
The market determines the price of products by two general rules: the laws of demand and supply. For example, how many tomatoes will consumers buy at various prices? This is demand. The law of demand states that consumers (buyers) usually buy more of a product at a lower price. How many tomatoes will the sellers product at various prices? This is supply. The law of supply states that producers usually supply more of a product at a higher price. Consumers, of course, want a low price, but producers need to make a profit .The actions of consumers and producers determine the price.
ผู้บริโภคของหลักสูตรต้องการให้มีราคาต่ำ แต่ผู้ผลิตจำเป็นที่จะต้องทำกำไร. การกระทำของผู้บริโภคและผู้ผลิตกำหนดราคา
Let’s look at an example. A supermarket has a supply of 600 pounds of tomatoes at $1.99 a pound. After two days, customers have bought only 100 pounds. Soon 600 more pounds are coming to the store manager has a problem-a surplus of tomatoes. In other words, she has an oversupply –too many-so she lowers the price to $1.09 a pound. At this low price, customers soon buy all 500 pounds. This is the equilibrium price (the point where supply and demand meet).
นี้เป็นราคาดุลยภาพ (จุดที่อุปสงค์และอุปทานตอบสนอง)
Another example is the price of gasoline. In the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) stopped sending oil to Western nations, so there was a shortage of gas and oil in many countries. Prices went up over 30 percents (%).In1974, the supply of oil to the West went down again because of the revolution in Iran ,so prices went up again .Consumers and businesses looked for ways to use less gas and oil.
พวกเขาประสบความสำเร็จ ความต้องการลงไปดังนั้นราคาเริ่มต้นที่จะไปลง ระบบขององค์กรได้ทำงานฟรี
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